A line of barefoot girls in headscarves and long patterned skirts carry large clay water jars on their backs past a brick wall. Newton & Co lantern slide no. 50 from the series "The Persians, Kurds, and Nestorians, their manners and customs", attributed by the Nelson Collection to Ernest Hoeltzer, late 19th century; published in The Living Races of Mankind (1901) as "Armenians water-carrying (Nestorians)" and by D'Allemagne (1911) as "Jeunes filles Nestoriennes faisant le métier de porteuses d'eau" (young Nestorian women working as water carriers).

Nestorian (Assyrian) girls carrying water jars

Two women stand side by side in long patterned robes, headbands and layered necklaces against a dark cloth. A glass lantern slide captioned "Chaldéennes de Mardin", from Fernand Grenard's 1902-1903 mission.

Two Chaldean women of Mardin

Franciscan sisters in white wimples with assistant teachers and girl pupils in local dress and headdresses, posed in rows at the Capuchin mission school in Mardin in 1904. The pupils were likely from Mardin's Syriac, Chaldean and Armenian Christian families.

Franciscan sisters, teachers and pupils of the mission school, Mardin

Two photographs on an album page: two armed men in fur-trimmed coats and turbans, and a woman with two girls in striped dress and coin jewellery. The caption reads "Chaldéens et Syriens de la province de Mardin"; photographed in 1904 by the Capuchin Brother Raphaël.

Chaldean and Syriac men, and a woman with children, of Mardin province

A large group of women and girls in embroidered dresses, headdresses and coin jewellery, posed in rows before a hanging cloth. The album caption reads "Syriennes et Chaldéennes de la province de Mardin"; photographed in 1904 by the Capuchin Brother Raphaël.

Syriac and Chaldean women and girls of Mardin province

Rows of boys in long tunics and caps stand behind seated Syriac Orthodox clergy at the Deyrulzafaran (Mor Hananyo) monastery near Mardin in 1918. The source identifies the group as the monk Hanna Dolabani with orphaned students.

Monk Hanna Dolabani with orphaned students at Deyrulzafaran, 1918

Engraving captioned "Mardeen" showing two turbaned men on a crenellated stairway above a walled town on a hillside. From p. 48 of George Percy Badger's The Nestorians and Their Rituals, vol. 1 (London, 1852), in his account of reaching Mardin, which he says "commands a view of the seemingly boundless plains of Mesopotamia".

View of Mardin (Mardeen) with two men on a crenellated wall

Patriarch Abraham Mar Shimun

Mountain refugees in the Russian consulate, Urmia

View over the rooftops of Urmia

British soldier tending a Jilu Assyrian refugee child

Assyrian children in a remote village of Hakkari, c. 1900

Assyrian woman in traditional jewellery at Tel Tamer, 1938

Map of the country of the Assyrian Christians, 1920

Malik Ismail II of Upper Tiyari at Baqubah

Assyrian fighters from Jilu, 1918

Nestorian (Assyrian) house in Tiyari

Nun with a gospel at the Church of the Virgin, Hah, 1909

A Syrian (Assyrian) girl, 1891 engraving

Jilu Assyrian refugees cooking with a British soldier, 1918

Tiyari (Assyrian) refugees helped by the Armenian Committee in Urmia, 1917

Elderly Assyrian man at Tel Tamer, 1938

Assyrian refugees from Tiyari and Tkhuma encamped near Urmia, 1915

Entrance to the Syriac Orthodox church of St. Mark, Jerusalem

Syriac-rite Mass with Cardinal Tappouni at the 1937 Paris Exposition

Syriac cultural centre in Varberga, Örebro

Bear hunters at Qudshanis

Archbishop Julius Abdulahad Gallo Shabo at a church founding ceremony, Örebro

Jilu Assyrian mother giving her child a drink, 1918

Jacobite (Syriac Orthodox) women drawing water at Midyat, Tur Abdin

Nestorian (Assyrian) Christian family, studio portrait by Sevruguin

Stera and Warina, survivors of the massacres

St Peter and St Paul Syriac Orthodox church, Hallunda

Faces, places & memories of the Assyrian people.