A line of barefoot girls in headscarves and long patterned skirts carry large clay water jars on their backs past a brick wall. Newton & Co lantern slide no. 50 from the series "The Persians, Kurds, and Nestorians, their manners and customs", attributed by the Nelson Collection to Ernest Hoeltzer, late 19th century; published in The Living Races of Mankind (1901) as "Armenians water-carrying (Nestorians)" and by D'Allemagne (1911) as "Jeunes filles Nestoriennes faisant le métier de porteuses d'eau" (young Nestorian women working as water carriers).

Nestorian (Assyrian) girls carrying water jars

Two women stand side by side in long patterned robes, headbands and layered necklaces against a dark cloth. A glass lantern slide captioned "Chaldéennes de Mardin", from Fernand Grenard's 1902-1903 mission.

Two Chaldean women of Mardin

Two photographs on an album page: two armed men in fur-trimmed coats and turbans, and a woman with two girls in striped dress and coin jewellery. The caption reads "Chaldéens et Syriens de la province de Mardin"; photographed in 1904 by the Capuchin Brother Raphaël.

Chaldean and Syriac men, and a woman with children, of Mardin province

A large group of women and girls in embroidered dresses, headdresses and coin jewellery, posed in rows before a hanging cloth. The album caption reads "Syriennes et Chaldéennes de la province de Mardin"; photographed in 1904 by the Capuchin Brother Raphaël.

Syriac and Chaldean women and girls of Mardin province

Habiba Turkoghlou, described as a Chaldean lady, stands in her dark uniform and white-banded veil as matron of the military hospital. From Joseph Naayem's Shall This Nation Die? (1921).

Habiba Turkoghlou, matron of a military hospital

Seated portrait of the Rt. Rev. Addai Sheir (Addai Scher), Archbishop of Sairt (Siirt), in a skullcap and cassock with a pectoral cross. Naayem's book includes depositions on the massacre at Sairt.

Archbishop Addai Sheir of Siirt

Portrait of the Chaldean Patriarch of Babylon in a round hat and robes, wearing a sash, decorations and a pectoral cross. The caption does not give his name.

The Chaldean Patriarch of Babylon

Drawing of the rocky gorge at Rabban Hormizd, the monastery in the hills above Alqosh, signed "Rabban Hormizd" in the lower left corner.

Rabban Hormizd, drawing by Edgar Wigram

Studio portrait by Abdullah Frères of a man in a turban, sash and wide trousers, smoking a pipe and holding a long gun before a painted landscape backdrop. The albumen print is captioned "Constantinople. Chaldean." and comes from the album Constantinople, Smyrna, Beyrout, Ba'albec, Damascus (p. 13B, pl. 26).

Chaldean man with rifle and pipe, Constantinople

Patriarch Abraham Mar Shimun

Mountain refugees in the Russian consulate, Urmia

View over the rooftops of Urmia

British soldier tending a Jilu Assyrian refugee child

Faces, places & memories of the Assyrian people.